Berberis thunbergii

Japanese species

BerberidaceaeBerberis

Japanese barberry is in the barberry or Berberidaceae family and is native to Japan and eastern Asia, though widely naturalized in China and in North America. It is a small deciduous shrub (1 m tall by 2.5 m broad) with green leaves turning red in the autumn, brilliant red fruits in autumn and pale yellow flowers in spring.

  • Branches are deeply grooved, brown, spiny, with a single (occasionally trident-shaped) spine at each shoot node.
  • Leaves are green to blue-green (reddish or purple in some horticultural variants), very small, spatula to oval shaped, 12–24 mm long and 3–15 mm broad; they are produced in clusters of 2–6 on a dwarf shoot in the axil of each spine.
  • Flowers are pale yellow, 5–8 mm diameter, produced in drooping 1–1.5 cm long umbrella-shaped clusters of 2–5; flowering is from mid spring to early summer.
  • The edible fruit is a glossy bright red to orange-red, ovoid berry 7–10 mm long and 4–7 mm broad, containing a single seed. They mature during late summer and fall and persist through the winter.