Coffea arabica

Coffea Arabica is a species in the coffee or Rubiaceae family and is indigenous to the forests of the southwestern highlands of Ethiopia.

C. Arabica is believed to be the first species of coffee to be cultivated, and is by far the dominant cultivar, representing some 70% of global production. Coffee produced from the less acidic, more bitter, and more highly caffeinated C. canephora bean makes up much of the balance.

On the island of Java, trees are planted at all times of the year and are harvested year round. In parts of Brazil, however, the trees have a season and are harvested only in winter. Arabica coffee production in Indonesia began in 1699. Indonesian coffees, such as Sumatran and Java, are known for heavy body and low acidity. This makes them ideal for blending with the higher acidity coffees from Central America and East Africa.

• Wild plants grow 9–12 m tall and have an open branching system.
• Leaves are opposite, simple, elliptic-ovate to oblong, 6–12 cm long and 4–8 cm broad, glossy dark green.
• Flowers are white, 10–15 mm in diameter and grow in auxiliary clusters. The seeds are contained in a drupe (commonly called a "cherry") 10–15 mm in diameter, maturing bright red to purple (and sometimes yellow) and typically containing two seeds (the coffee beans).